Question 1

Operant conditioning focuses on how

Accepted Answer

A)  people learn through the association of stimuli.
B)  people utilize their inborn reflexive habits.
C)  behavior is influenced by its consequences.
D)  changes in behavior are related to mental events.E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Rituals to bring rain,ward off illness,or produce abundant crops very likely earn the faith of participants because they occasionally appear to succeed.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  the method of successive approximations.
B)  superstitious behavior.
C)  shaping.
D)  response chaining.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of response cost?

Accepted Answer

A)  A child is spanked for breaking an expensive vase.
B)  A teenager is grounded for coming in an hour late.
C)  A rat learns to run a maze always turning to the right to avoid shock.
D)  A woman leaves an abusive marriage in order to save her life.E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 4

When a mother praises her child each time she behaves properly in the grocery store,she is

Accepted Answer

A)  being permissive.
B)  acting out of fear that her child will become disruptive.
C)  using response contingent reinforcement.
D)  classically conditioning the child.E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 5

There is an old story about a young boy who was left to guard the village sheep.He was instructed to cry "wolf" if he thought the sheep were in danger.Even though there was no danger,the boy enjoyed crying "wolf" over and over,just to see the villagers come running.Then,when a wolf did appear,the disbelieving villagers ignored the boy's cry.The failure of the villagers to respond illustrates the operant conditioning concept called

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition.
B)  stimulus generalization.
C)  partial reinforcement.
D)  operant extinction.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

When walking outside,your hands get so cold that they hurt.You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on,ending the pain.Putting on the gloves is

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively reinforced.
B)  a form of punishment.
C)  positively reinforced.
D)  a type of response cost.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 7

If you study to relieve your fear of receiving an F on the upcoming test,then your studying has increased due to

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  positive reinforcement.
C)  aversive punishment.
D)  response cost.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Dana,a three­year­old autistic child,is being taught to answer questions with a "Yes" or a "No." She was given verbal praise and the cookie when she answered "Yes" to questions like "Do you want a cookie?" (a preferred food) and "No" when she answered "No" to questions like "Do you want corn?" (a non­preferred food) .Additionally,she was praised if she answered "Yes" to questions like "Does a cow say 'moo'?" or "No" to the question,"Is this a shoe?" when shown a picture of a boat.This productive behavior is being encouraged by arranging which of the following so they are response contingent?

Accepted Answer

A)  antecedents
B)  conditioned stimuli
C)  reinforcers
D)  cognitionsE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following terms applies to the observation that responses reinforced in the presence of certain stimuli will occur under similar stimulus conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  the Premack principle
B)  operant stimulus generalization
C)  the partial reinforcement effect
D)  operant disinhibitionE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

Accepted Answer

A)  operant conditioning
B)  respondent conditioning
C)  classical conditioning
D)  Pavlovian conditioningE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 11

On Fridays,you know that you can dress casually for work,but on Wednesdays when the corporate executive usually drops by,you know you should dress in your best suit.This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  operant stimulus discrimination.
B)  delayed reinforcement.
C)  classical conditioning.
D)  operant stimulus generalization.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner.If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior,he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

Accepted Answer

A)  after all the dishes are put away.
B)  at bedtime.
C)  the next morning at breakfast.
D)  the next time that some dishes need to be put away.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 13

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has,according to the law of

Accepted Answer

A)  responding.
B)  association.
C)  effect.
D)  diminishing returns.E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 14

Human superstitious behaviors can be partially explained by

Accepted Answer

A)  their apparent connection to the reinforcement within a response chain.
B)  the effects of latent learning on this sequence of events.
C)  the tendency of a reward to reinforce only the response which immediately precedes it.
D)  all of these.E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 15

A linked series of actions that lead to reinforcement is the definition of which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  biofeedback
B)  response chaining
C)  fixed action patterns
D)  acquisition and recoveryE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 16

Operant conditioning is also known as

Accepted Answer

A)  respondent conditioning.
B)  reflexive learning.
C)  instrumental learning.
D)  Pavlovian conditioning.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Drivers tend to demonstrate safer driving behaviors when a police car is present.The fact that drivers do this implies that the police car has become a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcer.
B)  discriminative stimulus.
C)  punisher.
D)  unconditioned stimulus.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 18

A rat learned to press a bar to turn off a mild shock it was receiving through the floor of its cage.In this case,bar pressing was

Accepted Answer

A)  classically conditioned.
B)  learned through negative reinforcement.
C)  learned through punishment.
D)  a positively reinforced motor skill.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 19

Reinforcement is most effective

Accepted Answer

A)  if it is delayed.
B)  when it is immediate.
C)  when it is delivered randomly.
D)  when it follows a long chain of responses.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 20

You are a very good skater,but you did not start out that way.Your mother reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  shaping.
B)  latent learning.
C)  vicarious classical conditioning.
D)  intermittent conditioning.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

When a mother praises her child each time she behaves properly in the grocery store,she is

Correct Answer
verified

A linked series of actions that lead to reinforcement is the definition of which of the following concepts?

Correct Answer
verified

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has,according to the law of

Correct Answer
verified

On Fridays,you know that you can dress casually for work,but on Wednesdays when the corporate executive usually drops by,you know you should dress in your best suit.This illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

You are a very good skater,but you did not start out that way.Your mother reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as

Correct Answer
verified

If you study to relieve your fear of receiving an F on the upcoming test,then your studying has increased due to

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

Correct Answer
verified

When walking outside,your hands get so cold that they hurt.You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on,ending the pain.Putting on the gloves is

Correct Answer
verified

Human superstitious behaviors can be partially explained by

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following terms applies to the observation that responses reinforced in the presence of certain stimuli will occur under similar stimulus conditions?

Correct Answer
verified

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A rat learned to press a bar to turn off a mild shock it was receiving through the floor of its cage.In this case,bar pressing was

Correct Answer
verified

Operant conditioning focuses on how

Correct Answer
verified

Drivers tend to demonstrate safer driving behaviors when a police car is present.The fact that drivers do this implies that the police car has become a(n)

Correct Answer
verified

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner.If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior,he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

Correct Answer
verified

Rituals to bring rain,ward off illness,or produce abundant crops very likely earn the faith of participants because they occasionally appear to succeed.This illustrates

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is an example of response cost?

Correct Answer
verified

Reinforcement is most effective

Correct Answer
verified

Operant conditioning is also known as

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 30: Conditioning and Learning: Operant Conditioning

When a mother praises her child each time she behaves properly in the grocery store,she is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A linked series of actions that lead to reinforcement is the definition of which of the following concepts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The probability of a response is altered by the effect it has,according to the law of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On Fridays,you know that you can dress casually for work,but on Wednesdays when the corporate executive usually drops by,you know you should dress in your best suit.This illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are a very good skater,but you did not start out that way.Your mother reinforced you for each small improvement you made over several months.This process is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you study to relieve your fear of receiving an F on the upcoming test,then your studying has increased due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following types of learning is strengthened each time a response is followed by a satisfying state of affairs and weakened if the response is followed by an unsatisfying state of affairs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When walking outside,your hands get so cold that they hurt.You take a pair of gloves out of your backpack and put them on,ending the pain.Putting on the gloves is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human superstitious behaviors can be partially explained by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following terms applies to the observation that responses reinforced in the presence of certain stimuli will occur under similar stimulus conditions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A rat learned to press a bar to turn off a mild shock it was receiving through the floor of its cage.In this case,bar pressing was

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning focuses on how

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drivers tend to demonstrate safer driving behaviors when a police car is present.The fact that drivers do this implies that the police car has become a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jimmy helps his father put away the dishes after dinner.If Jimmy's father wants to increase the probability of this behavior,he will be most successful by praising Jimmy

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rituals to bring rain,ward off illness,or produce abundant crops very likely earn the faith of participants because they occasionally appear to succeed.This illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is an example of response cost?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reinforcement is most effective

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Operant conditioning is also known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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