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One of the toxins that has been linked to intellectual disabilities is


A) copper.
B) lead.
C) sulfur.
D) aluminum.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Using instructional prompts,consequences for performance,and strategies for transfer of stimulus control is called


A) community-based instruction.
B) functional instruction.
C) functional academics.
D) systematic instruction.

E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

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In the past several years,it has become more difficult to designate someone as having an intellectual disability.

A) True
B) False

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In supported competitive employment,a worker with intellectual disabilities has a competitive employment position and receives


A) incentive money.
B) ongoing assistance from a job coach.
C) sub-minimum wage.
D) pay from a social agency rather than from the employer.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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Claudia is a third grader with intellectual disabilities.She has thick epicanthal folds in the corner of her eyes,small stature,decreased muscle tone,speckling of the iris of the eye,a small oral cavity,and short,broad hands with a single palmar crease.These characteristics are typical of


A) cultural-familial intellectual disability.
B) Down syndrome.
C) fetal alcohol syndrome.
D) Fragile X syndrome.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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A specific and characteristic behaviour repertoire associated with a genetic or chromosomal disorder is a


A) genetic syndrome.
B) personality characteristic.
C) behavioural phenotype.
D) behavioural genotype.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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Interpretive Exercise Carrie was diagnosed as having an intellectual disability when she was three years-old.Now,at the age of seven,she is about to enter second grade.She can dress herself in the morning,although she has difficulty with buttons and zippers and she cannot tie her own shoes.She self-toilets and washes her own hands and face.She likes to look at pictures in books and she can label familiar objects in her environment (e.g. ,table,book,dog).She is learning to recognize colours,letters,and numbers.Carrie does not look any different from other second graders,but her speech is sometimes difficult to understand.In a recent report,the school psychologist indicated that Carrie has an IQ of 65. -In most school districts,Carrie would attend a special school.

A) True
B) False

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Identify and describe three environmental causes of intellectual disabilities.

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Answers will vary: maternal malnutrition...

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Intellectual disabilities are diagnosed using only IQ scores.

A) True
B) False

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In the United States,groups that were historically misdiagnosed as intellectually disabled include


A) students with behaviour problems.
B) students with learning disabilities.
C) students from ethnic minorities.
D) students with depression.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The condition that results from deletion of material in the seventh pair of chromosomes and often results in intellectual disabilities,heart defects,and elfin facial features is


A) Down syndrome.
B) Williams syndrome.
C) Fragile X syndrome.
D) Prader-Wili syndrome.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The validity of an IQ test refers to it's


A) ability to measure adaptive skills.
B) ability to improve intellectual functioning.
C) ability to measure what it's supposed to measure.
D) ability to provide direction for educational programming.

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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About 2.3% of the population is identified as having an intellectual disability.

A) True
B) False

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Interpretive Exercise Carrie was diagnosed as having an intellectual disability when she was three years-old.Now,at the age of seven,she is about to enter second grade.She can dress herself in the morning,although she has difficulty with buttons and zippers and she cannot tie her own shoes.She self-toilets and washes her own hands and face.She likes to look at pictures in books and she can label familiar objects in her environment (e.g. ,table,book,dog) .She is learning to recognize colours,letters,and numbers.Carrie does not look any different from other second graders,but her speech is sometimes difficult to understand.In a recent report,the school psychologist indicated that Carrie has an IQ of 65. -Carrie's ability to dress herself reflects her level of development in which domain?


A) self-regulation
B) adaptive behaviour
C) perceptual
D) cognitive

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Write a scene illustrating a student exhibiting a problem behaviour,describe the purpose of functional behavioural assessment and positive behavioural support,and provide examples of conducting FBA and PBS.

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Scenes will depict a student exhibiting ...

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Research has documented key areas related to cognition in which children with intellectual disabilities are likely to have difficulties.They include all of the following EXCEPT


A) self-regulation.
B) attention.
C) visual perception.
D) language development.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Encephalitis results more often in intellectual disabilities than does meningitis.

A) True
B) False

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Measures of adaptive behaviour are used to assess areas such as self-help and community living skills.

A) True
B) False

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Most individuals with Down syndrome have intellectual disabilities that are


A) in the mild range.
B) in the moderate range.
C) in the severe range.
D) in the extremely severe range.

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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A common way to categorize causes of intellectual disabilities is to consider the


A) part of the brain affected.
B) location at which the cause occurs.
C) severity of the condition.
D) time at which the cause occurs.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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