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Exam 6: Learning

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Question 41

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____________________ stimuli are cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement)of a response.

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Question 42

Multiple Choice

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Nicolas has autistic disorder and he was mute.A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips.This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words,and eventually only for saying complete sentences.In this example,Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of

A) classical conditioning.
B) modeling.
C) shaping.
D) negative reinforcement.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 43

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In escape learning a response is acquired because it decreases an aversive stimulus; in avoidance learning the organism learns the response because it prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring.

Sally developed a nasty stomach flu a few hours after she ate sushi for the first time; now every time Sally sees sushi she feels sick to her stomach.Sally is demonstrating a(n)____________________.

The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery suggests that

In terms of the traditional view of conditioning,research on conditioned taste aversion was surprising because

Escape conditioning is maintained by

Every time Brianna does the dishes her parents give her a dollar.What type of reinforcement are Brianna's parents using?

The rules that determine whether responses lead to the presentation of a reinforcer are called

Nolan has learned to drink a cup of coffee whenever he gets a tension headache because drinking coffee makes the pain of the headache go away.This is an example of

A worker gets paid every Friday for completing his 40 hour work week.He is being paid on a ____ schedule.

When the rat presses a lever,the mild electric shock on the cage floor is turned off.What procedure is being used?

Six-year-old Kristen is afraid of balloons because a balloon once popped in her face while she was holding it.Last week she went to the circus and there was a clown holding a huge assortment of helium balloons.Now she is also afraid of clowns,even though none of the balloons the clown was holding popped.Kristen's fear of clowns illustrates the classical conditioning process of

Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger.Today,even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine.The learning process that could best account for Lyn's fear of spiders is

Design a self-modification program to improve your study habits.

A dog is first conditioned to salivate to a tone.Then,a light is paired with the tone for a number of trials.Finally,the light is presented alone,and the dog responds.This procedure is known as

When as a young child you first realized that you could use money to buy candy and soda,money began to become an effective

How do psychologists define learning?

Nancy has a headache; she takes some aspirin and the headache goes away.Nancy is more likely to take aspirin again.This is an example of

When you approach a traffic light and see a red light,you stop.On the other hand,when you approach that same light and see a green light,you continue driving.This example illustrates