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Evolutionary theorists have argued that it is in our genetic self-interest to be altruistic because


A) it perfectly matches the premise of survival of the fittest.
B) helping our kin may allow our genes to be passed along.
C) the more we help,the better spouse we will attain.
D) chromosome 13 has been found to have a specific "helping gene."

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Two-year old Ava feels guilty when she does something wrong,however she lacks the cognitive development for her reactions to be considered evidence of a conscience.

A) True
B) False

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By preparing supper for a table full of stuffed animals in his make-believe kitchen,George is developing his theory of mind.

A) True
B) False

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Ira has just stolen a purse from a woman on the subway.He then says to himself,"If that woman really wanted her purse,she would have held it closer to her body." This statement provides a good example of


A) morality of justice.
B) moral disengagement.
C) autonomous morality.
D) power assertion.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Considering the bias that problem teenagers have in processing environmental cues,their aggressive behavior is actually ________.


A) prosocial
B) reciprocal
C) defensive
D) empathic

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Describe the three main components of morality.Provide an example of each to support your thinking.

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Zola puts her toys away in the toy chest and goes to eat dinner.Her brother,unbeknownst to her,decides to take all of her toys and put them under his bed.As a child who has a theory of mind,when Zola returns after dinner,she will


A) look for her toys in the toy chest.
B) look for her toys where her brother has hidden them.
C) not remember anything about her toys.
D) try to think of where her brother likes to hide things.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The majority of adolescents have achieved Kohlberg's conventional level of moral reasoning.

A) True
B) False

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Which decision is a highly aggressive youth most likely to make when a classmate runs into her in the hallway?


A) Concluding that violent actions lead to bad consequences
B) Deciding to set a goal of becomes friends with the classmate
C) Assuming that the classmate's intent was to hurt her
D) Assuming that the incident was an accident

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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According to Dodge's model,antisocial adolescents process information differently than other adolescents.

A) True
B) False

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Cognitive developmental theorists tend to view moral reasoning as involving


A) the progression through an invariant sequence of ways of thinking.
B) a set of behaviors acquired through observation.
C) a battle between id,ego,and superego.
D) a genetic predisposition toward helping that is based on the evolutionary need to survive.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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How might Dodge's social information-processing model be used to explain the behavior of teenagers who are actively involved in gang violence?

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Research on antisocial behavior has shown that


A) most antisocial teens grow up to be antisocial adults.
B) juvenile delinquents are more likely to be conventional thinkers.
C) aggressive children tend not to display antisocial behavior until early adulthood.
D) aggressive youth tend to show less empathy.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Harvey practically killed his pet hamster when he popped him in the tub for a bubble bath.His parents take an inductive approach in responding to this situation by


A) giving the hamster away so Harvey can't do any more damage.
B) spanking Harvey for doing the wrong thing.
C) explaining to Harvey that hamsters don't like baths and can get sick or die from getting too wet.
D) telling Harvey he's a very mean little boy and they are very disappointed in him.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Kohlberg's model of moral development has been characterized as placing too great an emphasis on


A) genes.
B) moral reasoning.
C) peers.
D) unconscious motivation.

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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Desire psychology has been seen in children as young as six months of age.

A) True
B) False

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After sitting on the bench for 15 minutes with the wallet she found,Bonnie decided that a person walking around with $1500 in their pocket clearly didn't have money problems,so she decided to keep the cash and pay off her bills.Which component of morality is Bonnie demonstrating as she sits on the bench?


A) cognitive
B) withdrawal
C) behavioral
D) emotional

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which statement reflects Kohlberg's conventional morality?


A) Do your own thing.
B) It's me against the world.
C) Rules are made to be broken.
D) Buckle up,it's the law.

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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What are the fundamental differences between the preconventional,conventional,and postconventional levels of moral reasoning? Provide examples to support your thinking.

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Regarding Kohlberg's theory of moral development,which of the following is particularly instrumental in promoting movement from one level of moral development to the next?


A) perspective-taking
B) object permanence
C) theory of mind
D) disengagement

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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