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The collapse of the Han dynasty affected trade in which important way?


A) Trade virtually came to a standstill following the fall of the Han empire.
B) Trade over land came to replace trade by sea, the preferred mode of transport under Han rule.
C) Chinese trade flourished as commercial centers sprang up in the south.
D) Merchants profited by selling arms and supplies to warring Chinese elites.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following best describes the Roman view of Germanic peoples?


A) The Romans viewed Germanic tribes as their cultural equals.
B) Romans sought to emulate many of the customs and traditions of Germanic clans.
C) Romans despised Germanic peoples and prohibited them from participating in any aspect of imperial life.
D) Romans viewed the Germanic tribes of Europe as primitive and barbaric but nonetheless permitted them to interact frequently with aspects of the empire.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following contributed to the decline of the Gupta dynasty?


A) continual invasions by roving Germanic tribes
B) intense raids by the Sasanids
C) the Roman reconquest of western Europe
D) threats from the White Huns of Central Asia

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The production of silk in China was largely carried out by


A) children.
B) women.
C) elite families.
D) merchants.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The period of turbulence following the collapse of the Han dynasty resulted in a


A) large movement of China's peasants and elites from the south to the north.
B) dramatic decline in the production of silk.
C) large population shift from China's north to south.
D) shift in agricultural production from rice to wheat and millet.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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All of the following contributed to tumult in the Roman empire during the third century C.E., EXCEPT


A) raids by Germanic peoples.
B) a lack of strong leadership.
C) an independent and noncompliant Senate.
D) soaring inflation.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following best describes the spread of Christianity in South Asia?


A) Converts to Christianity in South Asia integrated many of their Christian beliefs with Indian cultural and religious practices.
B) Christianity never spread to South Asia.
C) The Guptas persecuted Christians and forced them to practice their religion in secret.
D) The Roman church played an important role in bringing Christianity to India.

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The Sasanids drew upon which of the following to help solidify their rule?


A) their strong ties to Alexander the Great
B) their connection to the Roman empire
C) their Achaemenid lineage
D) their Kushana roots

E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Which of the following is NOT an accurate statement regarding the attempts of third and fourth century C.E. Roman rulers to reform the empire?


A) They attempted to return Rome to its republican roots.
B) They attempted to move Rome away from a patron-client system to one based on bureaucracy.
C) They attempted to fix the price of certain commodities.
D) They adopted a model of rule closer to that held by the Persians and Egyptians.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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The term cataphract can best be defined as the


A) class of heavily armored and mounted soldiers that the Romans used in battle.
B) class of mounted soldiers used by the Parthians and adopted by the Sasanids.
C) corps of soldiers trained in using war elephants.
D) massive peasant army raised by the Sasanids.

E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

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Which of the following is NOT a true statement regarding the economy of South Asia under Gupta rule?


A) Under Gupta rule, India became the largest exporter of cotton goods.
B) Under Gupta rule, India became the primary exporter of sugar.
C) The Guptas traded heavily throughout Southeast Asia, Persia, and Central Asia.
D) Gupta trade suffered dramatically after the collapse of the western Roman empire.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Buddhism gained popularity in Southeast Asia in large part because


A) prior to the arrival of Buddhism, Southeast Asia did not have any strong religious traditions of its own.
B) Buddhism appealed widely to the rural classes of Southeast Asia, who viewed the religion as a way to prevent their rulers from abusing their authority.
C) Buddhism was attractive to the ruling classes of Southeast Asia, who agreed with the Buddhist model of the moral and just ruler.
D) Buddhism gained popularity throughout Southeast Asia after the Guptas attacked and captured a large swath of territory in the region.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which of the following is NOT common to Buddhism, Christianity, and Manichaeism?


A) They were spread in large part by women.
B) They appealed to individuals across ethnic and linguistic boundaries.
C) They each had a single founder.
D) They promised salvation from the suffering of life.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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The collapse of the Han and Parthian empires differed in which important respect?


A) Centuries of political fragmentation followed the Han collapse, while the Parthian empire was quickly replaced by Sasanid rule.
B) The Han empire fell to ecological disasters, while the Parthians fell to internal strife.
C) The Parthian collapse was followed by decades of political disorientation, while the Han dynasty was immediately replaced by another strong ruler.
D) The Parthians fell to foreign invaders, while the Han only encountered internal enemies.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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A major point of contention among early Christian scholars was


A) whether Jesus had been the true founder of Christianity.
B) whether women were capable of achieving salvation.
C) the relationship of Jesus to God.
D) whether Jesus had been resurrected.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a true statement regarding the collapse of the Han dynasty?


A) The Han were ultimately unable to financially support the vast territory they ruled.
B) The Han were ultimately conquered by the Sasanids.
C) The Han were ultimately overthrown by a class of Confucian lords who believed that the Han no longer ruled justly.
D) The Han empire was steadily destroyed by growing ecological pressures.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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The term Age of Division refers to which of the following?


A) the internal fighting that followed the end of the Parthian empire
B) the years of internal strife that followed the end of the Han empire
C) the struggle for dominance among different Christian sects
D) the clashes of elites that followed the end of the western Roman empire

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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