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To determine the appropriate order of the operations, the scheduler bases its actions on concurrency control algorithms, such as ____________________ or time stamping methods.

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A ____ lock allows concurrent transactions to access different rows of the same table.


A) database-level
B) table-level
C) page-level
D) row-level

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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A diskpage, or page, is the equivalent of a ____.


A) database table
B) disk sector
C) database schema
D) diskblock

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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A(n) ____ specifically reserves access to the transaction that locked the object.


A) shared lock
B) exclusive lock
C) binary lock
D) deadlock

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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B

One of the three most common data integrity and consistency problems is ____.


A) lost updates
B) disk failures
C) user errors
D) deadlocks

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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A(n) ____ condition occurs when two or more transactions wait for each other to unlock data.


A) deadlock
B) exclusive lock
C) binary lock
D) two-phase lock

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The transaction recovery write-ahead-log protocol ensures that transaction logs are always written before any database data are actually updated.

A) True
B) False

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True

Durability requires that all portions of the transaction must be treated as a single, logical unit of work in which all operations are applied and completed to produce a consistent database.

A) True
B) False

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All transactions must display ____.


A) atomicity, consistency, and durability
B) durability and isolation
C) consistency, durability, and isolation
D) atomicity, durability, consistency, and isolation

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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____ requires that all operations of a transaction be completed.


A) Specificity
B) Atomicity
C) Durability
D) Time stamping

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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B

To ensure consistency of the database, every transaction must begin with the database in an unstable state.

A) True
B) False

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A field-level lock allows concurrent transactions to access the same row, as long as they require the use of different fields within that row.

A) True
B) False

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Explain the transaction log. What is its function?

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A DBMS uses a transaction log to keep tr...

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The DBMS guarantees that the semantic meaning of a transaction truly represents the real-world event.

A) True
B) False

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A shared lock produces no conflict as long as all the concurrent transactions are read-write only.

A) True
B) False

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What is transaction isolation and why it is important?

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Isolation means that the data used durin...

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In a page-level lock, the DBMS will lock an entire diskpage.

A) True
B) False

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Lock ____ indicates the level of lock use.


A) granularity
B) shrinking
C) growing
D) serializability

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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The objective of ____________________ control is to ensure the serializability of transactions in a multiuser database environment.

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If T1 has not unlocked data item Y, T2 cannot begin; if T2 has not unlocked data item X, T1 cannot continue. Consequently, T1 and T2 each wait for the other to unlock the required data item. Such a deadlock is also known as a(n) ____________________.

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