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How are risk factors for chronic diseases determined? What do they mean?

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Factors that increase or reduce the risk...

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The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for a nutrient meets the needs of about ________ of the population.


A) 5%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 75%
E) 98%

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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An apple is composed primarily of ________.


A) fats
B) Water and carbohydrates
C) proteins
D) phytochemicals
E) vitamins and minerals

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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The ability to interact effectively with people from diverse cultures is called ____________________.

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Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is FALSE?


A) They must be obtained from food.
B) They are also called "more than just necessary" nutrients.
C) They cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body.
D) They meet the body's physiological needs.
E) There are about 100 nutrients essential for the human body.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which term describes the process in which a panel of scientists rigorously evaluates a research study to ensure that the scientific method was followed?


A) peer review
B) systematic review
C) research validity
D) meta-analysis
E) peer replication

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Which individual is making a food choice based on values?


A) A woman who avoids gluten due to allergies
B) A child who spits out his mashed potatoes because they taste too salty
C) A teenager who mindlessly eats potato chips while watching television
D) A man who eats oatmeal each day without exception
E) A Catholic woman who fasts on Good Friday to honor religious custom

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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At a party with friends, Janine drinks wine and eats hors d'oeuvres, even though she is not hungry. This is an example of a food choice based on ____.


A) habit
B) social interaction
C) emotional turmoil
D) negative association
E) comfort eating

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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Which of the following does NOT represent one of the six classes of nutrients?


A) water
B) lipids
C) phytochemicals
D) carbohydrates
E) protein

F) All of the above
G) B) and C)

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Which title is given to a person who has a minimum of a bachelor's degree from an accredited university, has completed a supervised practice program, and has passed a national examination administered by the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics?


A) medical doctor
B) registered dietitian nutritionist
C) certified nutritionist
D) certified nutrition therapist
E) registered nutritional consultant

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Imagine that a friend tells you she was watching her favorite morning news program on television and saw a segment featuring a story on "surprising new findings" about the health benefits of a new over-the-counter product. She found the product at her local drugstore and shows you the package. What advice would you give her regarding her latest discovery?

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Consumers get much of their nutrition in...

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Why are the EER and AMDR such important metrics?

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Estimated Energy Requirement (EER: The e...

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Your classmate prefers to consume strawberries rather than other fruits. Based on what you've learned about influences on food choices, what would be the most likely reason your classmate prefers strawberries?


A) Strawberries are cheap.
B) He likes the flavor and taste of strawberries the most.
C) Strawberries are a convenient snack.
D) Strawberries are a   nutritionally rich food.
E) Eating strawberries is a habit.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and C)

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For those who do not smoke or drink alcohol excessively, the one choice that can influence chronic disease risks more than any other is ________.


A) diet
B) avoiding toxins
C) hand washing
D) physical activity
E) safe sex

F) All of the above
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements accurately describes vitamins?


A) Vitamins are inorganic and do not provide energy.
B) Vitamins are indestructible.
C) Almost every action in the body requires the assistance of vitamins.
D) Vitamins A, D, E, and K are water-soluble vitamins.
E) Cooking vegetables at high temperatures helps maintain the vitamins.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Which of the following reflects the correct sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency?


A) declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs
B) abnormal functions within the body, declining nutrient stores, and overt signs
C) abnormal functions within the body, overt signs, and declining nutrient stores
D) declining nutrient stores, overt signs, and abnormal functions within the body
E) overt signs, abnormal functions, and declining nutrient stores

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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To be accepted into the body of nutrition knowledge, research findings must stand up to rigorous, repeated testing in experiments conducted by other researchers. This is called ________.


A) validity
B) correlation
C) replication
D) randomization
E) anecdotal evidence

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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The international unit for measuring food energy is ________.


A) kilojoules
B) kilograms
C) kilometers
D) kilonewtons
E) kiloliters

F) A) and D)
G) All of the above

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Which of the following best describes randomization?


A) repetition of an experiment and getting the same results
B) process of choosing members of experimental and control groups without bias
C) personal account of an experience
D) experimentation on subjects who do   know to which group they've been assigned
E) knowledge that experimental results were based in fact

F) A) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Which is a strength of laboratory-based studies?


A) It cannot apply results from test tubes or animals to human beings.
B) It can determine the effects of a variable.
C) Results from animal studies can be applied to human beings.
D) The list of possible causes of disease can be expanded.
E) It can control variables that may influence the prevention of a disease.

F) D) and E)
G) B) and D)

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