Question 1

The major function of the peripheral nervous system is to

Accepted Answer

A)  carry messages to and from the central nervous system.
B)  process information received from the central nervous system.
C)  regulate arousal.
D)  control hormonal activity.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 2

In a recent study (Petrovic, Kalso, Peterson & Ingvar, 2002) , subjects were exposed to a painful stimulus (heat to the hand)  under three conditions: opiate medication, placebo (sugar pill)  medication and no medication.Brain scans indicated that a subject's experience of reduced pain with the placebo is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  activation of brain regions identical to those activated by opiate medication.
B)  activation of brain regions that are overlapping, but not identical, to those activated by opiate medication.
C)  psychological expectation, since a placebo does not activate brain regions associated with pain control.
D)  similarities in activated brain regions during the 'no medication' condition.E) B) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

The neurotransmitter associated with both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is

Accepted Answer

A)  GABA.
B)  noradrenaline.
C)  dopamine.
D)  serotonin.E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb and Gorny (2003) , animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  the impact of the environment on the brain is different at varying stages of life.
B)  the impact of the environment on the brain is significant but uniform throughout the lifespan.
C)  environments that are beneficial to the aged may be harmful to the young.
D)  the environment has little effect on the brain throughout the lifespan.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

Accepted Answer

A)  each psychological disorder is caused by a deficit in a specific neurotransmitter.
B)  chemical imbalances of the brain are the cause of psychopathology.
C)  simple cause/effect conclusions stating that an individual neurotransmitter abnormality causes a disorder are incomplete.
D)  neurotransmitters have very little to do with psychopathology for most individuals, but may be the single cause of disorders for others.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Glial cells are passive cells that serve to connect and insulate neurones.
B)  There are fewer glial cells than there are neurones.
C)  There are different types of glial cells with several specific functions.
D)  Glial cells slow down the process of neural communication.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are

Accepted Answer

A)  more likely to use alcohol to deal with anxiety than to admit they are afraid.
B)  less likely to be fearful of becoming alcoholic.
C)  exposed to alcohol more often than women are.
D)  more likely to see alcohol as a good long-term solution to problems such as anxiety.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 8

The brain and the spinal cord comprise the

Accepted Answer

A)  peripheral nervous system.
B)  somatic nervous system.
C)  parasympathetic nervous system.
D)  central nervous system.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Accepted Answer

A)  not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their diathesis.
B)  have the same disorders because their diathesis and stress are exactly the same.
C)  not necessarily have the same disorders because of potential differences in their stress.
D)  have no more likelihood of sharing a disorder than any other two randomly selected individuals from the population.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are

Accepted Answer

A)  below 50%.
B)  above 50%.
C)  different for each disorder (estimates range from 0-100%) .
D)  non-existent.E) A) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 11

John has inherited a personality trait that makes him more likely to keep to himself than to socialise.As a result, he does not have many friends and spends a lot of time alone.If John were to develop depression, the model that would probably best explain this situation and the cause of his depression is

Accepted Answer

A)  diathesis-stress.
B)  biological.
C)  reciprocal gene-environment.
D)  interpersonal.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 12

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting

Accepted Answer

A)  had no effect on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress.
B)  seem to override any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress.
C)  had no effect on future generations in the expression of personality traits or temperament.
D)  had random effects on any genetic contribution to be reactive to stress.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 13

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Accepted Answer

A)  agonists.
B)  blockers.
C)  reuptake inhibitors.
D)  antagonists.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 14

The central nervous system is made up of the

Accepted Answer

A)  brain and spinal cord.
B)  brain only.
C)  spinal cord only.
D)  nerves leading to and from the brain.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use it to explain how one identical twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Accepted Answer

This model argues that a diathesis is a ...

Question 16

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Accepted Answer

A)  allow neurones to send signals to other neurones.
B)  maintain the oxygenation of the brain.
C)  prevent the development of psychopathology.
D)  allow the brain to maintain its structural integrity.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Cognitive-behaviour therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain.This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  confabulation.
B)  consolidation.
C)  a 'top down' change.
D)  a 'bottom up' change.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

Raeesa learnt to fear snakes after seeing one for the first time at the zoo.However, it took many exposures to the sound of tapping dancing shoes before she learnt to fear that sound.The concept that would explain the fact that we learn to fear some objects more easily than others is

Accepted Answer

A)  prepared learning.
B)  learnt helplessness.
C)  observational learning.
D)  reciprocal determinism.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Accepted Answer

A)  single genes are usually responsible for psychological disorders.
B)  genes that influence psychopathology are usually recessive.
C)  there is no evidence that genes influence psychopathology.
D)  multiple genes interact, with each gene contributing a small effect.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  panic is related to poor concentration.
B)  people with chronic diseases are often angry about their care.
C)  those in poor physical health almost always develop psychological disorders.
D)  hostility and anger increase one's risk of heart disease.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Raeesa learnt to fear snakes after seeing one for the first time at the zoo.However, it took many exposures to the sound of tapping dancing shoes before she learnt to fear that sound.The concept that would explain the fact that we learn to fear some objects more easily than others is

Correct Answer
verified

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are

Correct Answer
verified

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Correct Answer
verified

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Correct Answer
verified

The major function of the peripheral nervous system is to

Correct Answer
verified

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting

Correct Answer
verified

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are

Correct Answer
verified

The brain and the spinal cord comprise the

Correct Answer
verified

The neurotransmitter associated with both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Correct Answer
verified

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb and Gorny (2003) , animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Correct Answer
verified

The central nervous system is made up of the

Correct Answer
verified

Cognitive-behaviour therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain.This is called

Correct Answer
verified

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct Answer
verified

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use it to explain how one identical twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Correct Answer
verified
This model argues that a diathesis is a ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology

Raeesa learnt to fear snakes after seeing one for the first time at the zoo.However, it took many exposures to the sound of tapping dancing shoes before she learnt to fear that sound.The concept that would explain the fact that we learn to fear some objects more easily than others is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to recent estimates, genetic contributions to the development of most psychological disorders are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drugs that decrease the activity of a neurotransmitter are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the diathesis-stress model, monozygotic twins raised in the same household will

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The major function of the peripheral nervous system is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-fostering studies indicate that the environmental effects of early parenting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Anxious males tend to have a higher rate of alcoholism than females.One likely explanation for this difference is that men are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The brain and the spinal cord comprise the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The neurotransmitter associated with both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The relationship between emotion and health is demonstrated by the fact that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent evidence regarding the genetic influence on most psychological disorders has shown that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment by Kolb, Gibb and Gorny (2003) , animals of varying ages were placed in complex environments. Their findings suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The central nervous system is made up of the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cognitive-behaviour therapy facilitates changes in thinking patterns in the cortex, which in turn affects the emotional brain.This is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Recent research and increased understanding about the role of neurotransmitters in psychopathology point out that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the diathesis-stress model.Use it to explain how one identical twin suffers from clinical depression while the other does not.

Correct AnswerverifiedThis model argues that a diathesis is a ...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurotransmitters are important because they

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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This model argues that a diathesis is a ...
View Answer

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Correct Answer
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