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Exam 19: Lipids

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Question 21

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Complete the structure of the phospholipid below.

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Question 22

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Which natural products have structures derived from cholesterol? I. vitamin A II. vitamin D III. cholic acid IV. cortisone V. squalene

A) I, II, III
B) II, III, IV
C) III, IV, V
D) I, III, V

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Question 23

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Which is the best description of the second step (B) of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins?

Prostaglandins are involved with the inflammatory response.

Prostaglandin is a member of the _________________ class of compounds, which are synthesized from ____________________.

Vitamin E is required for blood clotting.

The lower melting point of unsaturated fatty acids compared to saturated fatty acids is due to ______________________________ differences.

How many triglycerides, including stereoisomers, are possible if two fatty acids are present in the triglyceride?

Which is the number of stereocenters in methandrostenolone?

Stearic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid.

Why do ectothermic (cold-blooded) animals have significantly higher amounts of unsaturated fatty acids in their fatty acid signatures than endothermic (warm blooded) animals?

Which property of phospholipids accounts for their ability to form micelles?

Polysorbate 80 (Tween 80) is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier (w+x+y+z=19) . A typical application is in ice cream, where it hinders the milk proteins from completely coating the fat droplets. This allows for a firmer texture, which is associated with high quality ice cream. Which of the following statements is true? I) Polysorbate 80 is an ester. II) Polysorbate 80 has a hydrophilic component. III) Polysorbate 80 has a hydrophobic component. IV) Polysorbate 80 forms micelles above its critical micellar concentration.

Which vitamins are soluble in lipids?

Which is a prostaglandin?

Bile acids are synthesized in the liver by cytochrome p450-mediated oxidation of cholesterol. They are often conjugated with the amino acid glycine and stored in the gallbladder. What are the differences in molecular structure between cholesterol and the cholic-acid conjugate shown below?

Soap micelles form in water by aggregating the negatively charged carboxylate groups toward the inside and the lipophilic carbon chains toward the outside of the micelle.

Which reagents could be used to harden an oil to a fat?

Which saturated fatty acids have the correct name? I. CH₃(CH₂) ₁₀COOH - stearic acid II. CH₃(CH₂) ₁₄COOH - palmitic acid III. CH₃(CH₂) ₁₆COOH - lauric acid IV. CH₃(CH₂) ₁₈COOH - arachidic acid

Lauramide diethanolamine (lauramide DEA, the main component of cocamide DEA) is prepared by reacting lauric acid from coconut oil with diethanolamine. It is a viscous liquid and a typical foaming agent in shampoos and bath products. Complete the following sequence of reactions.