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Other things held constant, which of the following alternatives would increase a company's cash flow for the current year?


A) Increase the number of years over which fixed assets are depreciated for tax purposes.
B) Pay down the accounts payables.
C) Reduce the days' sales outstanding (DSO) without affecting sales or operating costs.
D) Pay workers more frequently to decrease the accrued wages balance.
E) Reduce the inventory turnover ratio without affecting sales or operating costs.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which of the following would, generally, indicate an improvement in a company's financial position, holding other things constant?


A) The total assets turnover decreases.
B) The TIE declines.
C) The DSO increases.
D) The EBITDA coverage ratio increases.
E) The current and quick ratios both decline.

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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If a bank loan officer were considering a company's request for a loan, which of the following statements would you consider to be CORRECT?


A) Other things held constant, the lower the current ratio, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.
B) The lower the company's EBITDA coverage ratio, other things held constant, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.
C) Other things held constant, the higher the debt ratio, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.
D) Other things held constant, the lower the debt ratio, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.
E) The lower the company's TIE ratio, other things held constant, the lower the interest rate the bank would charge the firm.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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pettijohn Inc. The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Pettijohn Inc. Note that the firm hasno amortization charges, it does not lease any ass ets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over.  Balance Shet (Millions of $ )  \text { Balance Shet (Millions of } \$ \text { ) }  Assets 2016 Cash and securities $1,554.00 Accounts receivable 9,660.00 inventories 13,440.00 Total current assets $24,654.00 Net plant and equipment 17,346.00 Total assets $42,000.00 Liabilities and Equity  Accounts payable $7,980.00 Notes payable 5,880.00 Accruals 4,620.00 Total current liabilities $18,480.00 Cong-term bonds 10,920.00 Cotal liabilities $29,400.00 Common stock 3,360.00 Retained earnings 9,240.00 Total common equity $12,600.00 Total liabilities and equity $42,000.00\begin{array}{lr}\text { Assets } & \underline{2016} \\\text { Cash and securities } & \$ 1,554.00 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & 9,660.00 \\\text { inventories } & 13,440.00 \\\text { Total current assets } & \$ 24,654.00 \\\text { Net plant and equipment } & 17,346.00 \\\text { Total assets } & \$ 42,000.00 \\\text { Liabilities and Equity } \\\text { Accounts payable } & \$ 7,980.00 \\\text { Notes payable } & 5,880.0 0\\\text { Accruals } & 4,620.00\\\text { Total current liabilities } & \$ 18,480.00 \\\text { Cong-term bonds } & 10,920.00 \\\text { Cotal liabilities } & \$ 29,400.0 0\\\text { Common stock } & 3,360.00 \\\text { Retained earnings } & 9,240.00 \\\text { Total common equity } & \$ 12,600.00 \\\text { Total liabilities and equity } & \$ 42,000.00\end{array}  Income Statement (Millions of $)  2016 Net sales $58,800.00 Operating costs except depr’n $55,274.00 Depreciation $1,029.00 Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT)  $2,497.00 Less interest 1,050.00 Earnings before taxes (EBT)  $1,447.00 Taxes $314.00 Net income $1,133.00 Dther data:  Shares outstanding (millions)  175.00 Common dividends 509.83 Int rate on notes payable & L-T bonds 6.25% Federal plus state income tax rate 21.7% Year-end stock price $77.69\begin{array}{lr}\text { Income Statement (Millions of \$) } & 2016 \\\text { Net sales } & \$ 58,800.00 \\\text { Operating costs except depr'n } & \$ 55,274.00 \\\text { Depreciation } & \$ 1,029.00\\\text { Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT) } & \$ 2,497.00 \\\text { Less interest } & 1,050.00 \\\text { Earnings before taxes (EBT) } & \$ 1,447.00 \\\text { Taxes } & \$ 314.00 \\\text { Net income } & \$ 1,133.00\\\text { Dther data: }\\\text { Shares outstanding (millions) } & 175.00 \\\text { Common dividends } & 509.83 \\\text { Int rate on notes payable \& L-T bonds } & 6.25 \% \\\text { Federal plus state income tax rate } & 21.7 \% \\\text { Year-end stock price } & \$ 77.69\end{array} -Refer to the data for Pettijohn Inc.What is the firm's total assets turnover?


A) 0.90
B) 1.12
C) 1.40
D) 1.68
E) 2.02

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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The current ratio and inventory turnover ratios both help us measure the firm's liquidity.The current ratio measures the relationship of a firm's current assets to its current liabilities, while the inventory turnover ratio gives us an indication of how long it takes the firm to convert its inventory into cash.

A) True
B) False

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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A) If a firm increases its sales while holding its accounts receivable constant, then, other things held constant, its days' sales outstanding will decline.
B) If a security analyst saw that a firm's days' sales outstanding (DSO) was higher than the industry average and was also increasing and trending still higher, this would be interpreted as a sign of strength.
C) If a firm increases its sales while holding its accounts receivable constant, then, other things held constant, its days' sales outstanding (DSO) will increase.
D) There is no relationship between the days' sales outstanding (DSO) and the average collection period (ACP) .These ratios measure entirely different things.
E) A reduction in accounts receivable would have no effect on the current ratio, but it would lead to an increase in the quick ratio.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Lofland's has $20 million in current assets and $10 million in current liabilities, while Smaland's current assets are $10 million versus $20 million of current liabilities.Both firms would like to "window dress" their end-of-year financial statements, and to do so each plans to borrow $10 million on a short-term basis and to then hold the borrowed funds in their cash accounts.Which of the statements below best describes the results of these transactions?


A) The transaction would improve both firms' financial strength as measured by their current ratios.
B) The transactions would raise Lofland's financial strength as measured by its current ratio but lower Smaland's current ratio.
C) The transactions would lower Lofland's financial strength as measured by its current ratio but raise Smaland's current ratio.
D) The transaction would have no effect on the firm' financial strength as measured by their current ratios.
E) The transaction would lower both firm' financial strength as measured by their current ratios.

F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

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Since the ROA measures the firm's effective utilization of assets (without considering how these assets are financed), two firms with the same EBIT must have the same ROA.

A) True
B) False

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pettijohn Inc. The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Pettijohn Inc. Note that the firm hasno amortization charges, it does not lease any ass ets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over.  Balance Shet (Millions of $ )  \text { Balance Shet (Millions of } \$ \text { ) }  Assets 2016 Cash and securities $1,554.00 Accounts receivable 9,660.00 inventories 13,440.00 Total current assets $24,654.00 Net plant and equipment 17,346.00 Total assets $42,000.00 Liabilities and Equity  Accounts payable $7,980.00 Notes payable 5,880.00 Accruals 4,620.00 Total current liabilities $18,480.00 Cong-term bonds 10,920.00 Cotal liabilities $29,400.00 Common stock 3,360.00 Retained earnings 9,240.00 Total common equity $12,600.00 Total liabilities and equity $42,000.00 Income Statement (Millions of $)  2016 Net sales $58,800.00 Operating costs except depr’n $55,274.00 Depreciation $1,029.00 Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT)  $2,497.00 Less interest 1,050.00 Earnings before taxes (EBT)  $1,447.00 Taxes $314.00 Net income $1,133.00 Dther data:  Shares outstanding (millions)  175.00 Common dividends 509.83 Int rate on notes payable & L-T bonds 6.25% Federal plus state income tax rate 21.7% Year-end stock price $77.69\begin{array}{lr}\text { Assets } & \underline{2016} \\\text { Cash and securities } & \$ 1,554.00 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & 9,660.00 \\\text { inventories } & 13,440.00 \\\text { Total current assets } & \$ 24,654.00 \\\text { Net plant and equipment } & 17,346.00 \\\text { Total assets } & \$ 42,000.00 \\\text { Liabilities and Equity } \\\text { Accounts payable } & \$ 7,980.00 \\\text { Notes payable } & 5,880.0 0\\\text { Accruals } & 4,620.00\\\text { Total current liabilities } & \$ 18,480.00 \\\text { Cong-term bonds } & 10,920.00 \\\text { Cotal liabilities } & \$ 29,400.0 0\\\text { Common stock } & 3,360.00 \\\text { Retained earnings } & 9,240.00 \\\text { Total common equity } & \$ 12,600.00 \\\text { Total liabilities and equity } & \$ 42,000.00\\\\\text { Income Statement (Millions of \$) } & 2016 \\\text { Net sales } & \$ 58,800.00 \\\text { Operating costs except depr'n } & \$ 55,274.00 \\\text { Depreciation } & \$ 1,029.00\\\text { Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT) } & \$ 2,497.00 \\\text { Less interest } & 1,050.00 \\\text { Earnings before taxes (EBT) } & \$ 1,447.00 \\\text { Taxes } & \$ 314.00 \\\text { Net income } & \$ 1,133.00\\\text { Dther data: }\\\text { Shares outstanding (millions) } & 175.00 \\\text { Common dividends } & 509.83 \\\text { Int rate on notes payable \& L-T bonds } & 6.25 \% \\\text { Federal plus state income tax rate } & 21.7 \% \\\text { Year-end stock price } & \$ 77.69\end{array} -Refer to the data for Pettijohn Inc.What is the firm's equity multiplier?


A) 3.33
B) 3.50
C) 3.68
D) 3.86
E) 4.05

F) None of the above
G) C) and D)

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Last year Rosenberg Corp.had $195,000 of assets, $18,775 of net income, and a debt-to-total-assets ratio of 32%.Now suppose the new CFO convinces the president to increase the debt ratio to 48%.Sales and total assets will not be affected, but interest expenses would increase.However, the CFO believes that better cost controls would be sufficient to offset the higher interest expense and thus keep net income unchanged.By how much would the change in the capital structure improve the ROE?


A) 4.36%
B) 4.57%
C) 4.80%
D) 5.04%
E) 5.30%

F) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

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Last year Mason Inc.had a total assets turnover of 1.33 and an equity multiplier of 1.75.Its sales were $195,000 and its net income was $10,549.The CFO believes that the company could have operated more efficiently, lowered its costs, and increased its net income by $5,250 without changing its sales, assets, or capital structure.Had it cut costs and increased its net income in this amount, by how much would the ROE have changed?


A) 5.66%
B) 5.95%
C) 6.27%
D) 6.58%
E) 6.91%

F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

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Cordelion Communications is considering issuing new common stock and using the proceeds to reduce its outstanding debt.The stock issue would have no effect on total assets, the interest rate Cordelion pays, EBIT, or the tax rate.Which of the following is likely to occur if the company goes ahead with the stock issue?


A) The times interest earned ratio will decrease.
B) The ROA will decline.
C) Taxable income will decrease.
D) The tax bill will increase.
E) Net income will decrease.

F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

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pettijohn Inc. The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Pettijohn Inc. Note that the firm hasno amortization charges, it does not lease any ass ets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over.  Balance Shet (Millions of $ )  \text { Balance Shet (Millions of } \$ \text { ) }  Assets 2016 Cash and securities $1,554.00 Accounts receivable 9,660.00 inventories 13,440.00 Total current assets $24,654.00 Net plant and equipment 17,346.00 Total assets $42,000.00 Liabilities and Equity  Accounts payable $7,980.00 Notes payable 5,880.00 Accruals 4,620.00 Total current liabilities $18,480.00 Cong-term bonds 10,920.00 Cotal liabilities $29,400.00 Common stock 3,360.00 Retained earnings 9,240.00 Total common equity $12,600.00 Total liabilities and equity $42,000.00 Income Statement (Millions of $)  2016 Net sales $58,800.00 Operating costs except depr’n $55,274.00 Depreciation $1,029.00 Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT)  $2,497.00 Less interest 1,050.00 Earnings before taxes (EBT)  $1,447.00 Taxes $314.00 Net income $1,133.00 Dther data:  Shares outstanding (millions)  175.00 Common dividends 509.83 Int rate on notes payable & L-T bonds 6.25% Federal plus state income tax rate 21.7% Year-end stock price $77.69\begin{array}{lr}\text { Assets } & \underline{2016} \\\text { Cash and securities } & \$ 1,554.00 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & 9,660.00 \\\text { inventories } & 13,440.00 \\\text { Total current assets } & \$ 24,654.00 \\\text { Net plant and equipment } & 17,346.00 \\\text { Total assets } & \$ 42,000.00 \\\text { Liabilities and Equity } \\\text { Accounts payable } & \$ 7,980.00 \\\text { Notes payable } & 5,880.0 0\\\text { Accruals } & 4,620.00\\\text { Total current liabilities } & \$ 18,480.00 \\\text { Cong-term bonds } & 10,920.00 \\\text { Cotal liabilities } & \$ 29,400.0 0\\\text { Common stock } & 3,360.00 \\\text { Retained earnings } & 9,240.00 \\\text { Total common equity } & \$ 12,600.00 \\\text { Total liabilities and equity } & \$ 42,000.00\\\\\text { Income Statement (Millions of \$) } & 2016 \\\text { Net sales } & \$ 58,800.00 \\\text { Operating costs except depr'n } & \$ 55,274.00 \\\text { Depreciation } & \$ 1,029.00\\\text { Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT) } & \$ 2,497.00 \\\text { Less interest } & 1,050.00 \\\text { Earnings before taxes (EBT) } & \$ 1,447.00 \\\text { Taxes } & \$ 314.00 \\\text { Net income } & \$ 1,133.00\\\text { Dther data: }\\\text { Shares outstanding (millions) } & 175.00 \\\text { Common dividends } & 509.83 \\\text { Int rate on notes payable \& L-T bonds } & 6.25 \% \\\text { Federal plus state income tax rate } & 21.7 \% \\\text { Year-end stock price } & \$ 77.69\end{array} -Refer to the data for Pettijohn Inc.What is the firm's profit margin?


A) 1.40%
B) 1.56%
C) 1.73%
D) 1.93%
E) 2.12%

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Ratio analysis involves analyzing financial statements in order to appraise a firm's financial position and strength.

A) True
B) False

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pettijohn Inc. The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Pettijohn Inc. Note that the firm hasno amortization charges, it does not lease any ass ets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over.  Balance Shet (Millions of $ )  \text { Balance Shet (Millions of } \$ \text { ) }  Assets 2016 Cash and securities $1,554.00 Accounts receivable 9,660.00 inventories 13,440.00 Total current assets $24,654.00 Net plant and equipment 17,346.00 Total assets $42,000.00 Liabilities and Equity  Accounts payable $7,980.00 Notes payable 5,880.00 Accruals 4,620.00 Total current liabilities $18,480.00 Cong-term bonds 10,920.00 Cotal liabilities $29,400.00 Common stock 3,360.00 Retained earnings 9,240.00 Total common equity $12,600.00 Total liabilities and equity $42,000.00 Income Statement (Millions of $)  2016 Net sales $58,800.00 Operating costs except depr’n $55,274.00 Depreciation $1,029.00 Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT)  $2,497.00 Less interest 1,050.00 Earnings before taxes (EBT)  $1,447.00 Taxes $314.00 Net income $1,133.00 Dther data:  Shares outstanding (millions)  175.00 Common dividends 509.83 Int rate on notes payable & L-T bonds 6.25% Federal plus state income tax rate 21.7% Year-end stock price $77.69\begin{array}{lr}\text { Assets } & \underline{2016} \\\text { Cash and securities } & \$ 1,554.00 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & 9,660.00 \\\text { inventories } & 13,440.00 \\\text { Total current assets } & \$ 24,654.00 \\\text { Net plant and equipment } & 17,346.00 \\\text { Total assets } & \$ 42,000.00 \\\text { Liabilities and Equity } \\\text { Accounts payable } & \$ 7,980.00 \\\text { Notes payable } & 5,880.0 0\\\text { Accruals } & 4,620.00\\\text { Total current liabilities } & \$ 18,480.00 \\\text { Cong-term bonds } & 10,920.00 \\\text { Cotal liabilities } & \$ 29,400.0 0\\\text { Common stock } & 3,360.00 \\\text { Retained earnings } & 9,240.00 \\\text { Total common equity } & \$ 12,600.00 \\\text { Total liabilities and equity } & \$ 42,000.00\\\\\text { Income Statement (Millions of \$) } & 2016 \\\text { Net sales } & \$ 58,800.00 \\\text { Operating costs except depr'n } & \$ 55,274.00 \\\text { Depreciation } & \$ 1,029.00\\\text { Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT) } & \$ 2,497.00 \\\text { Less interest } & 1,050.00 \\\text { Earnings before taxes (EBT) } & \$ 1,447.00 \\\text { Taxes } & \$ 314.00 \\\text { Net income } & \$ 1,133.00\\\text { Dther data: }\\\text { Shares outstanding (millions) } & 175.00 \\\text { Common dividends } & 509.83 \\\text { Int rate on notes payable \& L-T bonds } & 6.25 \% \\\text { Federal plus state income tax rate } & 21.7 \% \\\text { Year-end stock price } & \$ 77.69\end{array} -Refer to the data for Pettijohn Inc.What is the firm's P/E ratio?


A) 12.0
B) 12.6
C) 13.2
D) 13.9
E) 14.6

F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

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You observe that a firm's ROE is above the industry average, but its profit margin and debt ratio are both below the industry average.Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A) Its total assets turnover must equal the industry average.
B) Its total assets turnover must be above the industry average.
C) Its return on assets must equal the industry average.
D) Its TIE ratio must be below the industry average.
E) Its total assets turnover must be below the industry average.

F) All of the above
G) A) and B)

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pettijohn Inc. The balance sheet and income statement shown below are for Pettijohn Inc. Note that the firm hasno amortization charges, it does not lease any ass ets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over.  Balance Shet (Millions of $ )  \text { Balance Shet (Millions of } \$ \text { ) }  Assets 2016 Cash and securities $1,554.00 Accounts receivable 9,660.00 inventories 13,440.00 Total current assets $24,654.00 Net plant and equipment 17,346.00 Total assets $42,000.00 Liabilities and Equity  Accounts payable $7,980.00 Notes payable 5,880.00 Accruals 4,620.00 Total current liabilities $18,480.00 Cong-term bonds 10,920.00 Cotal liabilities $29,400.00 Common stock 3,360.00 Retained earnings 9,240.00 Total common equity $12,600.00 Total liabilities and equity $42,000.00 Income Statement (Millions of $)  2016 Net sales $58,800.00 Operating costs except depr’n $55,274.00 Depreciation $1,029.00 Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT)  $2,497.00 Less interest 1,050.00 Earnings before taxes (EBT)  $1,447.00 Taxes $314.00 Net income $1,133.00 Dther data:  Shares outstanding (millions)  175.00 Common dividends 509.83 Int rate on notes payable & L-T bonds 6.25% Federal plus state income tax rate 21.7% Year-end stock price $77.69\begin{array}{lr}\text { Assets } & \underline{2016} \\\text { Cash and securities } & \$ 1,554.00 \\\text { Accounts receivable } & 9,660.00 \\\text { inventories } & 13,440.00 \\\text { Total current assets } & \$ 24,654.00 \\\text { Net plant and equipment } & 17,346.00 \\\text { Total assets } & \$ 42,000.00 \\\text { Liabilities and Equity } \\\text { Accounts payable } & \$ 7,980.00 \\\text { Notes payable } & 5,880.0 0\\\text { Accruals } & 4,620.00\\\text { Total current liabilities } & \$ 18,480.00 \\\text { Cong-term bonds } & 10,920.00 \\\text { Cotal liabilities } & \$ 29,400.0 0\\\text { Common stock } & 3,360.00 \\\text { Retained earnings } & 9,240.00 \\\text { Total common equity } & \$ 12,600.00 \\\text { Total liabilities and equity } & \$ 42,000.00\\\\\text { Income Statement (Millions of \$) } & 2016 \\\text { Net sales } & \$ 58,800.00 \\\text { Operating costs except depr'n } & \$ 55,274.00 \\\text { Depreciation } & \$ 1,029.00\\\text { Earnings bef int and taxes (EBIT) } & \$ 2,497.00 \\\text { Less interest } & 1,050.00 \\\text { Earnings before taxes (EBT) } & \$ 1,447.00 \\\text { Taxes } & \$ 314.00 \\\text { Net income } & \$ 1,133.00\\\text { Dther data: }\\\text { Shares outstanding (millions) } & 175.00 \\\text { Common dividends } & 509.83 \\\text { Int rate on notes payable \& L-T bonds } & 6.25 \% \\\text { Federal plus state income tax rate } & 21.7 \% \\\text { Year-end stock price } & \$ 77.69\end{array} -Refer to the data for Pettijohn Inc.What is the firm's BEP?


A) 5.37%
B) 5.65%
C) 5.95%
D) 6.24%
E) 6.55%

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following statements is CORRECT?


A) An increase in a firm's debt ratio, with no changes in its sales or operating costs, could be expected to lower the profit margin.
B) The ratio of long-term debt to total capital is more likely to experience seasonal fluctuations than is either the DSO or the inventory turnover ratio.
C) If two firms have the same ROA, the firm with the most debt can be expected to have the lower ROE.
D) An increase in the DSO, other things held constant, could be expected to increase the total assets turnover ratio.
E) An increase in the DSO, other things held constant, could be expected to increase the ROE.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Suppose a firm wants to maintain a specific TIE ratio.It knows the amount of its debt, the interest rate on that debt, the applicable tax rate, and its operating costs.With this information, the firm can calculate the amount of sales required to achieve its target TIE ratio.

A) True
B) False

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A firm's new president wants to strengthen the company's financial position.Which of the following actions would make it financially stronger?


A) Increase inventories while holding sales and cost of goods sold constant.
B) Increase accounts receivable while holding sales constant.
C) Increase EBIT while holding sales constant.
D) Increase accounts payable while holding sales constant.
E) Increase notes payable while holding sales constant.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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