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What factors account for the broad-based and rapid progress of science and technology following World War II? Why did this progress not occur sooner?

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The work of Jonas Salk and ________ helped to virtually eliminate polio from much of the world by the early 1960s.

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Early missile research in the United States was conducted almost entirely by the Air Force.

A) True
B) False

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During the 1950s, the general economic conditions of the United States included


A) stagnant economic growth.
B) high inflation.
C) low federal government spending.
D) a slowly rising gross national product.
E) low unemployment.

F) A) and D)
G) B) and D)

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How did the Eisenhower administration criticize Truman's foreign policy? How did Eisenhower's foreign policy differ from Truman's? How and why was it similar?

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The Eisenhower administration criticized...

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In 1946, Dr. Benjamin Spock's best-selling Baby and Child Care contended that


A) fathers needed to spend as much time as mothers in the care and raising of their children.
B) mothers should subordinate their physical and emotional needs to those of their children.
C) families should not have more than three children.
D) the ages of children in a family should not be spaced out over more than five years.
E) children should not be breast-fed or allowed to sleep with their parents.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and D)

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In 1957, the effort to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas, required


A) President Dwight Eisenhower to remove the governor of Arkansas from office.
B) the presence of federal troops to enforce court orders.
C) the replacement of many of the school's teachers.
D) the arrest of hundreds of whites protesting at the school.
E) the Supreme Court to issue another decision, Brown II.

F) A) and C)
G) None of the above

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During the Montgomery bus boycott, Martin Luther King Jr. made his first appearance on the national scene, and soon founded the Southern ________ Conference.

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Christian ...

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While radio made an enormous contribution to the popularity of rock music in the 1950s, television tended to limit its appeal.

A) True
B) False

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All of the following were factors in rising poverty rates in inner cities in the 1950s, EXCEPT


A) large numbers of poor people migrating into these areas.
B) increasing automation.
C) a growth of unskilled industrial jobs in these areas.
D) persistent racial discrimination.
E) the movement of factories and mills to new locations.

F) None of the above
G) A) and E)

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Strong local opposition by southern whites to the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka became known as "________."

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President Eisenhower's secretary of defense, Charles Wilson, stated his belief that "what was good for ________ was good for the country."

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The Eisenhower administration responded to Fidel Castro's coming to power in Cuba by


A) ending diplomatic relations.
B) blockading Cuban ports.
C) establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay.
D) ending diplomatic relations, blockading Cuban ports, and establishing a military presence in Guantanamo Bay.
E) None of these answers is correct.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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All the following statements regarding the use of DDT are true EXCEPT that


A) the pesticide likely saved the lives of thousands of soldiers during World War II.
B) the pesticide was recognized to be extremely toxic to insects.
C) after its introduction, it quickly gained a positive reputation for its effectiveness.
D) scientists during WWII knew the pesticide had a long-term toxic effect on humans and animals.
E) it was first used on a large scale in Italy in 1943-1944, during a typhus outbreak.

F) A) and D)
G) C) and D)

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The first American to be launched into space, in 1961, was


A) Yuri Gagarin.
B) John Glenn.
C) Alan Shepard.
D) Edwin Aldrin.
E) Neil Armstrong.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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The Eisenhower administration is responsible for the largest public works project in American history.

A) True
B) False

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By the late 1950s, the United States could send a guided missile several thousand miles.

A) True
B) False

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The central character in JD. Salinger's 1951 book, The Catcher in the Rye, was the alienated prep-school student ________..

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In his farewell address to the nation, President Dwight Eisenhower warned against the dangers of


A) global nuclear war.
B) excessive consumer materialism.
C) "brinkmanship" diplomacy.
D) the "military-industrial complex."
E) the growing communist threat.

F) None of the above
G) B) and D)

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Michael Harrington's 1962 book, The Other America, focused on the problems of


A) sexism.
B) racism.
C) poverty.
D) the alienation of youth.
E) McCarthyism.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and C)

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