Question 1

Which of the following is NOT evidence for genetic differences as a source of cultural differences?

Accepted Answer

A)   The DRD4 gene has been found in both Americans and Asians.
B)   Individuals from collectivistic cultures tend to have more children.
C)   Individuals within a cultural group are only slightly more similar to each other in their DNA makeup than they are to individuals outside their cultural group.
D)   Because individuals move in and out of cultures so frequently, it is difficult to define cultural groups on the basis of anything in particular.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic.
-Dignity

Accepted Answer

A)  High sensitivity to threats to reputation
B)  Limited acceptance for those outside cultural norms
C)  Belief that one's value is directly linked to one's own success overcoming obstacles
D)  Belief that the needs of the group outweigh the needs of the individual
E)  Limited availability of goals and the ways to achieve themF) Belief that people are uniqueG) Belief that one's value is unrelated to others' opinionsH) Emphasis on attaining goalsI) Avoidance of social conflict through hierarchy, humility, and harmonyJ) Sensitivity to success and failureK) None of the above
L) B) and C)

Question 3

According to the text, ________ refers to the psychological attributes of groups.

Accepted Answer

A)   culture
B)   acculturation
C)   socioeconomic status
D)   enculturationE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Although individuals from a(n)  ________ culture may become discouraged after negative feedback, individuals from a(n)  ________ culture tend to be more encouraged to do better next time.

Accepted Answer

A)   tight; loose
B)   loose; tight
C)   individualistic; collectivistic
D)   collectivistic; individualisticE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 5

According to Park and Peterson (2010) , which attribute is a strength of the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)   mercy
B)   creativity
C)   curiosity
D)   artistic excellenceE) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 6

Studies of cross-cultural gender differences in the Big Five tend to find that

Accepted Answer

A)   few Big Five gender differences replicate across societies.
B)   the size and direction of gender differences on these traits are the same in all societies.
C)   the size of the gender differences is larger in more-developed societies than in less-developed societies.
D)   the direction and size of gender differences on these traits fluctuate widely across societies.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 7

Cross-cultural psychology has examined differences in the way that members of various cultures think. Some research suggests that people from collectivist cultures think more ________ than those from individualistic cultures.

Accepted Answer

A)   holistically
B)   logically
C)   creatively
D)   intelligentlyE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 8

Cross-cultural researchers interested in discovering universal values are developing an ________ measure.

Accepted Answer

A)   emic
B)   etic
C)   ethnocentric
D)   endogenousE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

A culture that stresses "tall poppies are cut first" or that "the nail that stands out gets pounded down" might be high in which cultural dimension?

Accepted Answer

A)   tightness
B)   collectivism
C)   heart
D)   toughnessE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 10

Which finding has been used to support the argument that personality itself has no meaning in collectivist societies?

Accepted Answer

A)   the inability of researchers to find Big Five domains in cultures outside of the United States
B)   the relatively few number of trait-related words in Chinese
C)   the inability of Japanese individuals to understand personality inventories
D)   the lack of predictive validity of trait measures in Asian countriesE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 11

One potential argument for the claim that personality seems to matter less in collectivistic cultures is that

Accepted Answer

A)   the Chinese language has far fewer trait words than the English language.
B)   more autobiographies are written in collectivistic cultures.
C)   social hierarchies are more important in individualistic cultures.
D)   Chinese students often call their professors by their first names whereas American students never do.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

If members of two cultures experience the same emotions, seek the same goals, and organize their thoughts in comparable ways, then the two cultures

Accepted Answer

A)   are individualistic cultures.
B)   have collectivist construals.
C)   have similar experience-near constructs.
D)   view the world through culture-free lenses.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

What condition or conditions seem to facilitate the development of honor cultures?

Accepted Answer

A)   central governments and well-established judicial systems
B)   weak central governments and a lack of police
C)   low population density
D)   collectivist valuesE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 14

According to the text, what two factors are hypothesized to influence whether a culture is high in tightness?

Accepted Answer

A)   population density and economic conditions
B)   ethnic homogeneity and economic conditions
C)   ethnic homogeneity and population density
D)   population density and the dominant religionE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 15

According to the text, which characteristic of cultures might be the MOST difficult to judge?

Accepted Answer

A)   toughness
B)   tightness
C)   heart
D)   complexityE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Shalom Schwartz and Lilach Sagiv (1995)  identified ________ and ________ as the two basic dimensions that they believe organize universal values.

Accepted Answer

A)   openness to change versus conservatism; self-transcendence versus self-enhancement
B)   openness to change versus conservatism; agency versus communion
C)   collectivism versus individualism; vertical versus horizontal
D)   agency versus communion; utilitarian versus deonticE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

What does self-determination mean?

Accepted Answer

A)   Your behavior is a result of the situation you are in.
B)   Your behavior is a result of your own personality.
C)   Free will is only a consideration in individualistic cultures.
D)   Your behavior is more consistent the more socially embedded you are.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 18

The individualist versus collectivist distinction is analogous to the distinction between ________ with respect to personal values.

Accepted Answer

A)   ideocentrism and allocentrism
B)   conscientiousness and intolerance for ambiguity
C)   extraversion and introversion
D)   neuroticism and emotional stabilityE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Rakim argues that a particular culture's distinctive view of reality simply exists and believes that there is no way to meaningfully address the origin of cultural differences. Rakim seems to subscribe to which philosophical tradition?

Accepted Answer

A)   empiricism
B)   existentialism
C)   deconstructionism
D)   naturalismE) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Exam 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

According to the text, ________ refers to the psychological attributes of groups.

Correct Answer
verified

Cross-cultural researchers interested in discovering universal values are developing an ________ measure.

Correct Answer
verified

Which finding has been used to support the argument that personality itself has no meaning in collectivist societies?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, which characteristic of cultures might be the MOST difficult to judge?

Correct Answer
verified

Shalom Schwartz and Lilach Sagiv (1995) identified and as the two basic dimensions that they believe organize universal values.

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is NOT evidence for genetic differences as a source of cultural differences?

Correct Answer
verified

The individualist versus collectivist distinction is analogous to the distinction between ________ with respect to personal values.

Correct Answer
verified

Cross-cultural psychology has examined differences in the way that members of various cultures think. Some research suggests that people from collectivist cultures think more ________ than those from individualistic cultures.

Correct Answer
verified

According to Park and Peterson (2010) , which attribute is a strength of the heart?

Correct Answer
verified

According to the text, what two factors are hypothesized to influence whether a culture is high in tightness?

Correct Answer
verified

Studies of cross-cultural gender differences in the Big Five tend to find that

Correct Answer
verified

Rakim argues that a particular culture's distinctive view of reality simply exists and believes that there is no way to meaningfully address the origin of cultural differences. Rakim seems to subscribe to which philosophical tradition?

Correct Answer
verified

A culture that stresses "tall poppies are cut first" or that "the nail that stands out gets pounded down" might be high in which cultural dimension?

Correct Answer
verified

If members of two cultures experience the same emotions, seek the same goals, and organize their thoughts in comparable ways, then the two cultures

Correct Answer
verified

What condition or conditions seem to facilitate the development of honor cultures?

Correct Answer
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What does self-determination mean?

Correct Answer
verified

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic. -Dignity

Correct Answer
verified

Although individuals from a(n) culture may become discouraged after negative feedback, individuals from a(n) culture tend to be more encouraged to do better next time.

Correct Answer
verified

One potential argument for the claim that personality seems to matter less in collectivistic cultures is that

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 13: Cultural Variation in Experience, Behavior, and Personality

According to the text, ________ refers to the psychological attributes of groups.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural researchers interested in discovering universal values are developing an ________ measure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which finding has been used to support the argument that personality itself has no meaning in collectivist societies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, which characteristic of cultures might be the MOST difficult to judge?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shalom Schwartz and Lilach Sagiv (1995) identified ________ and ________ as the two basic dimensions that they believe organize universal values.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT evidence for genetic differences as a source of cultural differences?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The individualist versus collectivist distinction is analogous to the distinction between ________ with respect to personal values.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Cross-cultural psychology has examined differences in the way that members of various cultures think. Some research suggests that people from collectivist cultures think more ________ than those from individualistic cultures.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Park and Peterson (2010) , which attribute is a strength of the heart?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, what two factors are hypothesized to influence whether a culture is high in tightness?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of cross-cultural gender differences in the Big Five tend to find that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rakim argues that a particular culture's distinctive view of reality simply exists and believes that there is no way to meaningfully address the origin of cultural differences. Rakim seems to subscribe to which philosophical tradition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A culture that stresses "tall poppies are cut first" or that "the nail that stands out gets pounded down" might be high in which cultural dimension?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If members of two cultures experience the same emotions, seek the same goals, and organize their thoughts in comparable ways, then the two cultures

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What condition or conditions seem to facilitate the development of honor cultures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does self-determination mean?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Match the description with its associated cultural characteristic. -Dignity

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although individuals from a(n) ________ culture may become discouraged after negative feedback, individuals from a(n) ________ culture tend to be more encouraged to do better next time.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One potential argument for the claim that personality seems to matter less in collectivistic cultures is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Shalom Schwartz and Lilach Sagiv (1995) identified and as the two basic dimensions that they believe organize universal values.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Although individuals from a(n) culture may become discouraged after negative feedback, individuals from a(n) culture tend to be more encouraged to do better next time.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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