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Discuss the career challenges faced by middle-aged workers in the 21st century. How can these challenges be addressed and reduced?

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Middle-aged workers today face globaliza...

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According to cognitive aging expert Denise Park, the slowdown in learning new information has been linked to changes in


A) dopamine levels.
B) working memory.
C) cognitive atrophy.
D) neurotransmitter dysfunctions.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Meghan is showing initial signs of menopause. She decides to research online about menopause and familiarize herself with the causes, symptoms, and the treatments related to this process. After reading about the treatment plans and other details online, she decides that she will not opt for hormone replacement therapy (HRT) . Which of the following statements favors Meghan's decision to forego HRT?


A) HRT is least favorable in reducing negative menopausal symptoms for women 60 years and younger who are within 10 years of menopausal onset.
B) HRT is least favourable in reducing bone loss or fracture for women 60 years and younger who are within 10 years of menopausal onset.
C) HRT is less favorable for women who are more than 10 or more years from menopausal onset because of greater risk for cardiovascular disease.
D) HRT is less favorable for women who are below 50 years because of greater risk for Alzheimer disease.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Brandon is a chain smoker and has been smoking cigarettes since college. He is currently 50 years old and has been recently diagnosed with erectile dysfunction. He consults his doctor to know more about his condition. Which of the following would the doctor most likely tell Brandon during the consultation?


A) Erectile dysfunction only occurs in males over 70 years of age and seldom occurs in younger males.
B) Erectile dysfunction is a fatal condition in males.
C) Obesity and elevated cholesterol levels are the only known causes for erectile dysfunction.
D) The main treatment for men with erectile dysfunction has focused on Viagra and similar drugs.

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Meghan is conducting a seminar in her office on the importance of investing time in leisure activities. She explains that a lot of research has been conducted on the importance of leisure activities and that the research findings indicate that middle-aged adults need to make some changes to their current lifestyle. Which of the following research findings would Meghan most likely mention in her seminar?


A) If an adult develops leisure activities that can be continued into retirement, the transition from work to retirement will be highly stressful.
B) When middle-aged adults engage in active leisure pursuits, they show a lower level of cognitive performance in late adulthood.
C) When those who had worked in occupations with fewer cognitive challenges prior to retirement engaged in physical and cognitive leisure activities during retirement, they showed less cognitive decline.
D) It has been observed that after individuals experienced stressful events, if they engaged in more leisure time than usual on those days, the leisure time seldom helped improve their moods.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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________ refers to the ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli.


A) Spatial orientation
B) Inductive reasoning
C) Perceptual speed
D) Verbal comprehension

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Ruth is currently in menopause. This indicates that the production of ________ by her ovaries will decline drastically.


A) testosterone
B) estrogen
C) adrenaline
D) insulin

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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________ refers to the ability to recognize and understand patterns and relationships in a problem and use this understanding to solve other instances of the problem.


A) Spatial orientation
B) Inductive reasoning
C) Verbal comprehension
D) Perceptual speed

E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

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Which of the following statements is true of cholesterol levels in humans?


A) High-density cholesterol leads to the hardening of the arteries when its level increases and sticks to the lining of the blood vessels.
B) Low-density cholesterol is referred to as good cholesterol as it reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease.
C) High-density cholesterol is referred to as bad cholesterol as the risk of cardiovascular disease increases when low-density cholesterol is high.
D) The level of cholesterol in the blood increases during the adult years and in midlife and begins to accumulate on the artery walls.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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D

What is hormone replacement therapy (HRT)? Identify some of the risks associated with it.

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Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) augmen...

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The Seattle Longitudinal Study concluded that middle age is a time of


A) peak performance for verbal ability.
B) great decline for inductive reasoning.
C) moderate decline for spatial abilities.
D) increased mathematical abilities.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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As an orthopedic surgeon, Carla is advising her patient who is in his mid-20s to make some changes to his diet and include exercises in his daily routine as that would ensure his bone density is normal. Which of the following statements, if true, best supports her advice?


A) Peak functioning of the body's joints usually occurs in the 30s.
B) By the end of midlife, bones break more easily and heal more slowly.
C) Maximum bone density occurs by the mid- to late 20s.
D) The rate of bone density loss decelerates in the 50s.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Distinguish between crystallized intelligence and fluid intelligence with examples. Explain how they change in middle adulthood.

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John Horn argues that some abilities beg...

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Which of the following strategies would be most helpful in improving memory in middle age?


A) Avoid using vivid imagery to keep from becoming distracted.
B) Use a recall rather than recognition strategy whenever possible.
C) Use an organization strategy to categorize information to be remembered.
D) Avoid using the information to be remembered so that it does not become confused with other information.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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C

What are the hormonal changes and related developments in middle-aged men? What are the treatments one can opt for to alleviate these symptoms?

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Men experience hormonal changes in their 50s and 60s. Testosterone production begins to decline about 1 percent a year during middle adulthood, and sperm count usually shows a slow decline, but men do not lose their fertility in middle age. The main treatment for men with erectile dysfunction has not focused on testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) but on Viagra and similar drugs such as Levitra and Cialis.

Which of the following statements is true of spirituality?


A) Only a small minority of U.S. adults consider themselves to be religious.
B) Most U.S. middle-aged adults do not consider spirituality a major part of their lives.
C) There is no evidence of changes in spirituality and religiousness in people as they age.
D) Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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Name the term that refers to the mental ability to quickly and accurately make simple discriminations in visual stimuli.

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According to Viktor Frankl, the three most distinct human qualities are freedom, responsibility, and


A) authority.
B) spirituality.
C) fraternity.
D) industry.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Sensitivity to ________ sounds usually declines first among ________.


A) high-pitched; women
B) high-pitched; men
C) low-pitched; women
D) low-pitched; men

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Age-related loss of muscle strength is especially marked in


A) the upper arms.
B) the back and legs.
C) the jaw and face.
D) the chest and abdomen.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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