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According to two-factor theory, if Dow Chemical were to emphasize achievement, recognition, responsibility, and advancement for its employees, it would be emphasizing which of the following?


A) equity
B) motivation factors
C) dissatisfiers
D) maintenance factors

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Correct Answer

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You were just offered the position of VP of Sales as a reward for all your success as a sales representative. Although the position pays a little more, you would now work mainly at headquarters. You don't like working in an office and love travelling the world. According to expectancy theory, what is your likely response to this offer?


A) You will be motivated because you needed a change.
B) You will be motivated because working conditions are a motivation factor.
C) You will not be motivated because you do not value the outcome.
D) You will not be motivated because it doesn't fulfil esteem needs.

E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Soni was just told that if she can double her sales numbers, she'll get a $50,000 bonus at the end of the year. That bonus would really help because Soni is saving up for a bigger house. However, doubling sales numbers seems impossible to her. According to expectancy theory, what is Soni's likely response?


A) She will be motivated because she values the reward.
B) She will be motivated because this is the same bonus offered to her co-workers.
C) She will not be motivated because $50,000 is not enough.
D) She will not be motivated because the outcome does not seem likely to her.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Correct Answer

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As the lead analyst at an investment firm, you perceive that you put in more time and effort than your team members. When the year-end bonus was announced, each team member received a $15,000 cash bonus. According to equity theory, what is your likely response?


A) to work harder
B) to ask for a promotion or raise
C) to rationalize that your team members deserve the reward
D) to recalculate your rewards ratio

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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A sense of belonging is a characteristic of which level in the hierarchy of needs?


A) social
B) esteem
C) self-actualization
D) safety

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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One advantage of teamwork is that members can check one another's work. This demonstrates that teamwork often does which of the following?


A) promotes groupthink
B) increases creativity
C) satisfies needs
D) improves accuracy

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Which of the following refers to discouraging a behaviour by withholding a reward?


A) punishment
B) reprimand
C) elimination
D) extinction

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Theo is a summer intern at a Ford assembly plant. Managers at the plant recently introduced an employee suggestion box, where employees could submit ideas on how to improve the plant. Theo overhears one of the managers commenting that production at the plant has increased by 5%, and the only employee suggestions that have been implemented are an additional 15-minute break once workers reached half of their daily quota and new items added in the break-room vending machine. Theo knows that production has increased for which of the following reasons?


A) According to scientific management, employees will work harder when they are able to give suggestions on how to improve their working conditions.
B) The implementation of ideas from the employee suggestion box makes workers feel like they are an important part of the organization, as demonstrated by the Hawthorne studies.
C) As the Hawthorne studies demonstrated, employees will work harder and increase production if they are given a daily quota.
D) Scientific management suggests that pay is not the only motivator, so the addition of new snacks and an extra break make employees increase their production.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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As a manager, you get to know what motivates employees so that you can offer outcomes and rewards they value. You also make sure outcomes and rewards are achievable and assist employees in achieving them. Your belief that these practices should help employees stay motivated is based on which of the following?


A) equity theory
B) scientific management
C) maintenance theory
D) expectancy theory

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Determining how the physical work environment affects productivity was the objective of which of the following?


A) Taylor's scientific management
B) Maslow's hierarchy of needs
C) Herzberg's theory
D) the first Hawthorne study

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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You manage a team of four employees at a retail store. Each employee is motivated by different things. Melissa is motivated by money; Kosuke is motivated by time off; Edita is motivated by interesting work; and Andreas is motivated by challenging goals. You've been tasked by your corporate office to increase monthly sales by 20% this month, which is attainable but ambitious. You decide to encourage the team by offering to bring in donuts and coffee if they increase sales by 20%. According to expectancy theory, what is the likely response?


A) The team will be motivated because they believe the sales goal is attainable.
B) The team will be motivated only if they perceive that each team member is working equally hard toward the goal.
C) No one on the team will be motivated because they do not value the reward.
D) Kosuke and Andreas will be motivated to reach the sales goal, but Melissa and Edita will not.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which type of team is often temporary in nature and used for projects or new product development, with members from different departments in the organization?


A) functional
B) cross-functional
C) self-managed
D) virtual

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Simone has worked as an editorial assistant at a magazine publisher for the last six months. Her boss is impressed with her dedication and hard work, and assigns her the additional task of serving as a liaison for freelance writers. What is this type of job enrichment called?


A) job enlargement
B) job rotation
C) job redesign
D) job analysis

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Correct Answer

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To encourage volunteers to continue giving their time, the Red Cross thanks volunteers with public recognition. This is an example of which of the following?


A) negative reinforcement
B) extinction
C) positive reinforcement
D) maintenance factors

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is one of Herzberg's maintenance factors?


A) achievement
B) working conditions
C) recognition
D) advancement

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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You manage a team of four employees at a retail store. Each employee is motivated by different things. Melissa is motivated by money, Kosuke is motivated by time off, Edita is motivated by interesting work, and Andreas is motivated by challenging goals. You've been tasked by your corporate office to increase monthly sales by 20% this month, which is attainable but ambitious. You decide to encourage the team by offering a $100 bonus if they increase sales by 20%. According to expectancy theory, what is the likely response?


A) The team will be motivated because they believe the sales goal is attainable.
B) The team will be motivated only if they perceive that each team member is working equally hard toward the goal.
C) Only Melissa will be motivated to reach the sales goal, and the rest of the team will not increase their effort.
D) Melissa and Andreas will be motivated to reach the sales goal, but Kosuke and Edita will not.

E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Tom works on a landscaping team and has twice the output of other members of this team. Tom just found out that all team members are paid the same. According to equity theory, what is his likely reaction?


A) to ask for a raise
B) to work harder
C) to rationalize the rewards of his team members
D) to leave things as they are

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Correct Answer

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Although Taylor's scientific management approach led to increased productivity it did not address which of the following, resulting in productivity increasing only to a certain point?


A) job specialization
B) piece-rate pay
C) quotas
D) motivation

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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Adding a reward for a desired behaviour is called positive reinforcement. What is the term for withholding a reward to discourage a behaviour?


A) extinction
B) punishment
C) negative reinforcement
D) scientific management

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Correct Answer

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Vikram's boss demoted him when he did not meet sales goal for the month. What does this demotion exemplify?


A) positive reinforcement
B) negative reinforcement
C) punishment
D) extinction

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Correct Answer

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