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The amount of unemployment that the economy normally experiences is known as


A) The natural rate of unemployment.
B) Cyclical unemployment.
C) Efficiency wage unemployment.
D) Frictional unemployment.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Efficiency wages are


A) Lower than market wages paid by employers to increase profitability.
B) Higher than market wages paid by employers to increase productivity.
C) Government-determined minimum wages set to protect workers from unfair employers.
D) Negotiated by unions when officials are interested in trimming work forces.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The natural rate of unemployment is


A) The normal rate of unemployment around which the actual unemployment rate fluctuates.
B) The cyclical unemployment rate plus the structural unemployment rate.
C) The same thing as the rate of structural unemployment.
D) Excludes frictional unemployment.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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A

A husband who chooses to stay home and take care of the household is


A) Employed.
B) Not in the labour force.
C) A discouraged worker.
D) Unemployed.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Paying efficiency wages tends to increase worker turnover because workers can get continually higher wages if they change employer often.

A) True
B) False

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If wages were always at the competitive equilibrium, there would be absolutely no unemployment.

A) True
B) False

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Why might a favourable change in the European economy, such as technological improvement or a decrease in the price of imported oil, be associated with an increase in frictional unemployment?

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Even generally favourable changes will u...

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Table 2. The figures in the table below are taken from the statistics office in a fictional country called Exland.  Number of workers employed 8,400 Frictional unemployment 250 Structural unemployment 350 Cyclical unemployment 600 Discouraged workers 400 Adult population 12,000\begin{array}{|l|r|}\hline \text { Number of workers employed } & 8,400 \\\hline \text { Frictional unemployment } & 250 \\\hline \text { Structural unemployment } & 350 \\\hline \text { Cyclical unemployment } & 600 \\\hline \text { Discouraged workers } & 400 \\\hline \text { Adult population } & 12,000 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to table 2. How large is the labour force in Exland?


A) 7,550.
B) 8,000.
C) 8,400.
D) 9,600

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Markus is a low-skilled worker who washes dishes in a local restaurant. He is worried about a proposed increase in the minimum wage because price


A) Floors tend to create shortages.
B) Ceilings tend to create shortages.
C) Floors tend to reduce quantity demanded.
D) Ceilings tend to reduce quantity demanded.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following types of unemployment will exist even if the wage is at the competitive equilibrium?


A) Unemployment due to unions
B) Unemployment due to efficiency wages
C) Frictional unemployment
D) Unemployment due to minimum-wage laws

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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Table 2. The figures in the table below are taken from the statistics office in a fictional country called Exland.  Number of workers employed 8,400 Frictional unemployment 250 Structural unemployment 350 Cyclical unemployment 600 Discouraged workers 400 Adult population 12,000\begin{array}{|l|r|}\hline \text { Number of workers employed } & 8,400 \\\hline \text { Frictional unemployment } & 250 \\\hline \text { Structural unemployment } & 350 \\\hline \text { Cyclical unemployment } & 600 \\\hline \text { Discouraged workers } & 400 \\\hline \text { Adult population } & 12,000 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to table 2. What is the unemployment rate in Exland?


A) 12.5 per cent.
B) 15 per cent.
C) 16 per cent.
D) 24 per cent.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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If unemployment insurance were so generous that it paid laid off workers 95 per cent of their regular salary,


A) Frictional unemployment would fall.
B) The official unemployment rate would probably understate true unemployment.
C) The official unemployment rate would probably overstate true unemployment.
D) There would be no impact on the official unemployment rate.
E) None of these answers

F) None of the above
G) A) and D)

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A minimum wage law tends to


A) Help all teenagers because they receive a higher wage than they would otherwise.
B) Have no impact on unemployment as long as it is set above the competitive equilibrium wage.
C) Create more unemployment in high-skill job markets than in low-skill job markets.
D) Create more unemployment in low-skill job markets than in high-skill job markets.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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If, for any reason, the wage is held above the competitive equilibrium wage,


A) The quantity of labour supplied will exceed the quantity of labour demanded and there will be unemployment.
B) Unions will likely strike and the wage will fall to equilibrium.
C) The quantity of labour demanded will exceed the quantity of labour supplied and there will be a labour shortage.
D) The quality of workers in the applicant pool will tend to fall.

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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A

Why have labour-force participation rates for women in Europe increased while labour-force participation rates for men have decreased?

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Causes of the increase in the women's labour-force participation rate over the past several decades include new technologies that have reduced the amount of time required to complete routine household tasks, improved birth control, and changing political and social attitudes. Causes of the decline in the men's labour-force participation rate over the past several decades include young men now staying in school longer than their fathers and grandfathers did, older men now retiring earlier and living longer, and more fathers now staying at home to raise their children.

What is the theory of efficiency wages? Provide four reasons that employers might pay efficiency wages.

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According to the theory of efficiency wa...

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Table 1: Statistics from a fictional country ?  Numbers in millions  Total population 195.4 Adult population 139.7 Number of unemployed 5.7 Number of employed 92.3\begin{array}{|l|c|}\hline & \text { Numbers in millions } \\\hline \text { Total population } & 195.4 \\\hline \text { Adult population } & 139.7 \\\hline \text { Number of unemployed } & 5.7 \\\hline \text { Number of employed } & 92.3 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to table 1. The labour force participation rate is


A) 47.1 per cent.
B) 50.2 per cent.
C) 65.9 per cent.
D) 70.2 per cent.
E) None of these answers.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Table 1: Statistics from a fictional country ?  Numbers in millions  Total population 195.4 Adult population 139.7 Number of unemployed 5.7 Number of employed 92.3\begin{array}{|l|c|}\hline & \text { Numbers in millions } \\\hline \text { Total population } & 195.4 \\\hline \text { Adult population } & 139.7 \\\hline \text { Number of unemployed } & 5.7 \\\hline \text { Number of employed } & 92.3 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to table 1. The labour force is


A) 92.3 million.
B) 98.0 million.
C) 134.0 million.
D) 139.7 million.
E) None of these answers.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and D)

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Table 1: Statistics from a fictional country ?  Numbers in millions  Total population 195.4 Adult population 139.7 Number of unemployed 5.7 Number of employed 92.3\begin{array}{|l|c|}\hline & \text { Numbers in millions } \\\hline \text { Total population } & 195.4 \\\hline \text { Adult population } & 139.7 \\\hline \text { Number of unemployed } & 5.7 \\\hline \text { Number of employed } & 92.3 \\\hline\end{array} Refer to table 1. The unemployment rate is


A) 3.2 per cent.
B) 5.7 per cent.
C) 5.8 per cent.
D) 6.2 per cent.
E) Not enough information is available to answer.

F) B) and E)
G) None of the above

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To negotiate a higher wage rate, a union cannot


A) Start with a strike and then work to reach a contract to end the strike.
B) Negotiate in good faith and expect to hold its bargaining power.
C) Expect to maintain the same level of employment.
D) Offer a supply curve of labour that is horizontal.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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