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The retinal area that, when stimulated, affects the firing of a visual cell is referred to as the


A) cell's focal point.
B) fovea for that cell.
C) visual field.
D) cell's receptive field.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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The structure of the ear that conducts sound waves to the middle ear is the


A) auditory canal.
B) auditory conduction tube.
C) auditory tract.
D) auditory lineal.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Which of the following is NOT one of the perceived or psychological qualities of sound waves?


A) pitch
B) purity
C) timbre
D) loudness

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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If lights representing all wavelengths of the visible spectrum are combined, a person would perceive


A) red, blue, or green.
B) red, blue, or yellow.
C) black.
D) white.

E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

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After visual information is processed in the primary visual cortex, it is often routed to other cortical areas for additional processing through two pathways characterized as the


A) form and color pathways.
B) what and when pathways.
C) what and where pathways.
D) motion and depth pathways.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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The best description of the current view of the way in which color is coded in the visual system would be that color coding begins with


A) a trichromatic process and then switches to an opponent process.
B) rods and then switches to cones.
C) cones and then switches to rods.
D) an opponent process and then switches to a trichromatic process.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Dark adaptation occurs


A) at the same rate for rods and cones.
B) more rapidly in cones than in rods.
C) more rapidly in rods than in cones.
D) only in rods.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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The difference in the visual image of an object projected to each eye provides an important cue for depth that is referred to as


A) interposition.
B) accommodation.
C) linear disparity.
D) retinal disparity.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

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Denise was momentarily blinded when paparazzi snapped her picture using a blue flash. Following the flash, she saw spots for several minutes. Based on the opponent-process theory of color vision, the spots that Denise saw


A) would be yellow.
B) were most likely red.
C) were probably green.
D) would also appear to be blue.

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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Christina was skiing down an intermediate run when the run broke into two separate trails. One trail turned off at a 90-degree angle; the second trail appeared to continue in the same general direction she had been headed. If Christina takes the second trail her actions would be consistent with the Gestalt principle of


A) continuity.
B) closure.
C) proximity.
D) common region.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Giovanni was watching the night sky on a clear evening in November. He noticed that sometimes when he looked directly overhead he could detect a very faint star. A few minutes later it seemed that the star had disappeared, and then it "appeared" again. In this case, it is very likely that the light from the star was


A) just below Giovanni's level for perceptual invariance.
B) producing action potentials that were too weak to reach the terminal buttons.
C) just at Giovanni's absolute threshold for light.
D) producing inhibitory synapses rather than excitatory synapses.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Participants in the Featured Study on perceiving geographical slant were MOST accurate in estimating geographical slant when providing a ____ estimate.


A) visual
B) written
C) haptic
D) verbal

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The perceptual tendency to perceive a pile of change as being composed of pennies, nickels, and dimes is the result of


A) closure.
B) similarity.
C) proximity.
D) continuity.

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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If you project a red, a green, and a blue light into space, the point at which the three lights cross will lead to the perception of


A) black light.
B) ultraviolet light.
C) white light.
D) infrared light.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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After leaving the primary visual cortex, the dorsal stream carries information to the


A) basal forebrain.
B) cerebellum.
C) parietal lobes.
D) temporal lobes.

E) None of the above
F) A) and B)

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The interpretation of visual cues that indicate how near or far away objects are defines


A) perceptual constancies.
B) depth perception.
C) monocular cues.
D) binocular cues.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Three people look at the same sketch and report seeing three different things. This illustrates the contribution to perception of


A) stimulus ambiguity.
B) cognitive interpretation.
C) sensory readiness.
D) cognitive dissonance.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Dalton was sitting in the hallway outside his chemistry class. Some students said they thought they could smell smoke, but Dalton didn't smell anything. When they all checked the lab to see if there were any problems, everything was fine and nothing was burning. Based on signal detection theory, the fact that Dalton didn't smell any smoke would be considered


A) a false alarm.
B) a correct rejection.
C) a hit.
D) a miss.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

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While visiting the art museum, Laura stared at a black and white photograph in a red frame for over a minute. When she looked away from the photograph she saw an afterimage of a rectangle. Consistent with the opponent process theory the image she saw was


A) green.
B) red.
C) blue.
D) yellow.

E) A) and C)
F) C) and D)

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If the magnocellular system within the thalamus was not functioning correctly, you might expect that a person would have difficulty


A) distinguishing colors.
B) perceiving brightness.
C) perceiving fine details.
D) localizing sounds.

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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