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Exam 11: Learning Part 1

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Question 31

Multiple Choice

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A reinforcement is given after a variable number of nonreinforced responses in a(n) ____ schedule.

A) FI
B) FR
C) VI
D) VR

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 32

Multiple Choice

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You are watching a rat pressing a lever in a Skinner box to obtain food pellets. The rat pauses for a long time after each food pellet is delivered, but slowly increases its rate of lever pressing as more time elapses. In this example, the reinforcement schedule that is in place is MOST likely

A) a variable-ratio schedule.
B) a fixed-interval schedule.
C) a variable-interval schedule.
D) a fixed-ratio schedule.

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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Question 33

Multiple Choice

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Pavlov found that meat powder placed on a dog's tongue will make the dog salivate. In Pavlov's terms, the meat powder is

Continuous reinforcement occurs when

Jeremy stops gambling five minutes after his slot machine last paid off; Jessica is still gambling, even though her slot machine hasn't paid off in over an hour. In this example, Jeremy's behavior ____ while Jessica's behavior ____.

Cues that influence operant behavior by indicating the probable consequences (reinforcement or nonreinforcement) of a response are referred to as

A woman reported feeling "weak in the knees" whenever she smelled cigarette smoke and Beemans gum because of the association of these smells with her first love. In this example, her "weak knees" would be

When an organism responds to a specific stimulus or conditioned stimulus and doesn't respond to another stimulus that is similar to the conditioned stimulus, it is referred to as

A student who studies in order to earn high grades is working for ____; a student who studies in order to avoid low grades is working for ____.

When resistance to extinction is high, it means that

Marie works in a dress factory where she earns $10 for each three dresses she hems. Marie is paid on a

Ratio schedules always relate to the

Nicolas has autistic disorder and he was mute. A therapist working with Nicolas initially gave him a piece of chocolate any time he made a sound with his lips. This slowly changed until Nicolas only received a piece of chocolate for saying complete words, and eventually only for saying complete sentences. In this example, Nicolas developed speech skills through the use of

If you are "shaping" a child to pick up all his toys, what would you need to do each time the child does a better job of picking up his toys than he did previously?

An event following a response which increases an organism's tendency to make that response again is referred to as

One Saturday, Lacey was sitting at home when the telephone rang. A local company was making promotional calls and told Lacey she had just won a $1000 gift certificate. She felt a rush of excitement at the thought of what she could do with $1000. Now Lacey finds that whenever she hears a telephone ring, she feels a surge of excitement. In this example, the rush of excitement that Lacey felt when she heard she had won the gift certificate is

Stimulus generalization occurs when

To demonstrate higher-order conditioning, it is necessary to

The statement "if a response in the presence of a stimulus leads to satisfying effects, the association between the stimulus and the response is strengthened" is the definition of

When Lindsay was nine years old, the neighbor's chihuahua bit her on the ankle. Today Lindsay is still terrified of chihuahuas, but she likes almost all other types of dogs. Lindsay's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of