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Exam 11: Learning Part 1

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Charity used to really enjoy potato salad, and at a family reunion she ate a large helping. Unfortunately, the potato salad had not been kept cold, and Charity became quite ill after eating it. Now she finds that even the sight of potatoes in the grocery store can make her feel sick to her stomach. In this example, the sick feeling Charity experiences when she sees potatoes in the grocery store is

A) an unconditioned response.
B) a conditioned response.
C) an unconditioned stimulus.
D) a conditioned stimulus.

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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Question 22

Multiple Choice

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Stimulus contiguity refers to whether the stimuli

A) occur together in time.
B) occur together in space.
C) occur together in time and space.
D) have been conditioned prior to the current trial.

E) None of the above
F) A) and C)

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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Julie has a desk right next to her manager's office. Whenever her manager is in his office, Julie makes sure that she works hard at her computer. However, if the manager is away from his office she often works much more slowly and takes more breaks. In this case, the manager being in his office is acting as

Food is an example of ____; praise is an example of ____.

Thorndike's work with hungry cats in a puzzle box lead him to attribute the cat's learning to a principle he called

When Diana was three years old, she became terrified when the neighbor's budgie bird kept flying near her head. Today she is afraid of all birds, including robins, pigeons, and blue jays. Diana's fear illustrates the classical conditioning process of

A small enclosure used by psychologists to study learning in which an animal can make a specific response that is recorded while the consequences are systematically controlled is known as a

A relatively durable change in behavior or knowledge that is due to experience is defined as

The phenomenon of spontaneous recovery suggests that

Pavlov conditioned a dog to salivate to the sound of a tone. He then paired a light with the tone until the dog salivated to the light alone. This is an example of

When an individual has a phobia, the irrational fear and anxiety that the person experiences is

In a variable-ratio schedule, the reinforcer is given

Lyn is afraid of all spiders because her brother once dropped a spider down her shirt when she was younger. Today, even the sight of a rubber spider is enough to send shivers down her spine. The learning process that could best account for Lyn's fear of spiders is

Pavlov believed that the acquisition of a conditioned response depended on

Floyd had been working at Qualton Enterprises for 2 years when his boss asked to see him in her office. He thought she wanted to talk about a promotion so he was quite excited, but instead of giving him a promotion, the boss told Floyd he was being laid off as a result of company downsizing. Floyd could feel his heart pounding as he listened to the news. Floyd has a new job now, but every time his new boss asks to talk to him in private, Floyd feels a little faint. In this example, Floyd's new boss asking for a private talk is

Responses that are followed by satisfying consequences increase in probability. This is a statement of Thorndike's law of

In the Little Albert experiment on conditioned emotional responses, the conditioned stimulus was

Primary reinforcers are effective because

According to Skinner, the fundamental principle of operant conditioning is that organisms tend to repeat those responses that.

Given the same frequency of reinforcement, ____ schedules generate higher rates of responding than do ____ schedules.